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Heavy lifetime alcohol use significantly increases the risk of colorectal cancer, especially rectal cancer, according to a major U.S. screening trial. Consistent heavy drinking across adulthood was linked to a 91% higher risk, while former drinkers showed no elevated risk—suggesting that quitting alcohol may help reduce long-term cancer risk.

From a glass of wine with dinner to a beer at a ballgame, alcohol is common in many social settings. Yet most Americans are unaware it raises cancer risk. “No amount of alcohol is risk-free,” says Dr. Suneel Kamath, noting links to at least seven types of cancer. Cutting back helps, but not drinking at all is best. Alcohol, along with smoking and obesity, is a major preventable cause of cancer worldwide.